乙酸 羧酸（Acetic acid）.doc

乙酸 羧酸（Acetic acid） Acetic acid A syllabus requirements 1. Understanding the structure and use of acetic acid; 2, grasp the nature and preparation of acetic acid; 3, master formula and common carboxylic acid; 4, master esterification and ethyl acetate Two, key points Molecular composition and structure of 1. acetic acid Molecular formula of C2H2O2 structure Structure, simple CH3COOH, functional group, carboxyl group, -COOH 2. chemical properties of acetic acid The O--H bond and the C--OH bond can be broken (1) weak acid (break O--H bond) CH3COOHCH3COO-+H+ (acid is stronger than carbonic acid) CaCO3+2CH3COOH (CH3COO) 2Ca+CO2 = +H2O Cu (OH) 2+2CH3COOH (CH3COO) 2Cu+2H2O (2) esterification reaction (breaking C--OH bond); The reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols to produce esters and water is called esterification. Be careful： The dehydration of esterification is: carboxyl decarboxylation hydroxyl (inorganic oxygen acid, hydroxyl hydrogen removal) and alcohol hydroxyl hydrogen, that is acid hydroxyl alcohol Dehydrogenation (as demonstrated by isotope atomic tracer method). Esterification reaction is reversible: in carboxylic acid + alcohol ester + water reaction, concentrated sulfuric acid acts as catalyst and water absorbent, and removes the product The water in the water causes the reversible reaction to move in the direction of the product. In the acidizing reaction, the use of saturated Na2CO3 solution is to absorb unreacted acetic acid, dissolve ethanol, reduce ester solubility, and increase water The density of the ester floats on the surface of the water and is easy to separate and precipitate, so that it is easy to separate. The ethyl acetate in acetic acid impurities, only with saturated Na2CO3 solution, with NaOH solution and acetic acid can not. Because of the NaOH solution Alkaline is strong, it will cause hydrolysis of ethyl acetate, re - acetic acid and ethanol, so NaOH solution can not be used instead of Na2CO3 saturated solution. Three, example anal