操作系统教学课件（杨公平）ch16.pptVIP

Module 16: Distributed System Structures Chapter 16: Distributed System Structures Motivation Types of Distributed Operating Systems Network Structure Network Topology Communication Structure Communication Protocols Robustness Design Issues An Example: Networking Chapter Objectives To provide a high-level overview of distributed systems and the networks that interconnect them To discuss the general structure of distributed operating systems Motivation Distributed system is collection of loosely coupled processors interconnected by a communications network Processors variously called nodes, computers, machines, hosts Site is location of the processor Reasons for distributed systems Resource sharing sharing and printing files at remote sites processing information in a distributed database using remote specialized hardware devices Computation speedup – load sharing Reliability – detect and recover from site failure, function transfer, reintegrate failed site Communication – message passing A Distributed System Types of Distributed Operating Systems Network Operating Systems Distributed Operating Systems Network-Operating Systems Users are aware of multiplicity of machines. Access to resources of various machines is done explicitly by: Remote logging into the appropriate remote machine (telnet, ssh) Remote Desktop (Microsoft Windows) Transferring data from remote machines to local machines, via the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) mechanism Distributed-Operating Systems Users not aware of multiplicity of machines Access to remote resources similar to access to local resources Data Migration – transfer data by transferring entire file, or transferring only those portions of the file necessary for the immediate task Computation Migration – transfer the computation, rather than the data, across the system Distributed-Operating Systems (Cont.) Process Migration – execute an entire process, or parts of it, at different sites Load balancing – distribute processes across net