曼切斯特大学课件《Analogue circuits and systems》Part 08 - Output stages v1.pdfVIP

Part 8: Output Stages 3rd - year Analogue Circuits and Systems 1. Introduction to output stages 2. Key points • Emitter / source follower revisited • Push-pull outputs • Cross-over distortion and Biasing 3. Output protection Part 8 – Output stages Slide 1 Introduction • The output stage has the following requirements: i. Large output voltage swing (as close to rail to rail as possible). ii. High output current capability. iii. Low output impedance. iv. Low distortion (linearity). v. Low quiescent power consumption. vi. Short circuit protection. Part 8 – Output stages Slide 2 Followers Output stages are usually based on either emitter or source followers acting as buffers: V+ V+ Shown here with a current vIN Q1 IL v v source bias. OUT OUT Note the IL LOAD vIN LOAD source or sink Q1 V- V- current via Q1 Q1 sources Q1 sinks The main drawback of this type of stage is that it can only actively drive current in one direction (in or out). The output current in one direction is limited by the active load. Part 8 – Output stages Slide 3 v IN gm.(vIN - vOUT) Small signal rπ r0 equivalent circuit: