天然药物化学实验-讲义介绍.pdfVIP

前 言 天然药物化学是一门实践性很强的学科，实验教学在天然药物化学教学中占据着 重要的地位。天然药物化学实验是天然药物化学课程的重要组成部分，是配合天然药 物化学理论课教学的不可或缺的手段。其主要目的是： (1) 通过天然药物化学实验课的开设，可以使学生进一步理论联系实际，检验在 课堂上所学的理论知识，加深对天然药物化学的基本理论和基本知识的认识和 理解。 (2) 通过实验，训练学生的基本操作技能，在实验过程中，培养学生的创新能力、 动手能力以及自学能力，提高学生分析和解决问题能力，养成严谨科学态度和 良好工作作风，使学生获得从事天然药物化学科研工作的基本训练，为将来从 事天然药物化学的研究工作奠定基础。 在实验中，重点是要加强对学生基本操作技能的训练。天然药物化学实验要求学 生掌握以下技能： (1) 提取分离方面 要求掌握常用的经典方法的原理及操作。其中包括液- 固提取法（浸渍、渗漉、 回流提取等）、液-液萃取法（简单萃取法、梯度萃取法、反流分布法）、重结晶 法等。 掌握纸色谱、柱色谱（包括吸附柱、离子交换柱等）的原理和基本操作。 (2) 鉴定方面 化学方法 ① 掌握一般定性反应在鉴定中的应用。 ② 掌握重要衍生物（乙酰化物、甲基化物生物碱盐类等）的制备方法及其在结 构鉴定中的应用。 光谱方法 了解UV 、IR、NMR 、MS在天然物结构测定中的应用。 要求学生掌握黄酮类化合物的UV 、NMR波谱。 目录 天然药物化学实验须知········································································································2 实验一 芦丁的提取及鉴定································································································4 1.1 芦丁的提取分离、精制、定性反应·············································································5 1.2 芦丁的酸水解及糖的纸层析·························································································6 1.3 芦丁的十乙酰化、聚酰胺薄层层析及定性反应·························································8 实验二 氧化苦参碱的提取分离和鉴定··········································································12 1.1 氧化苦参碱的提取·······································································································13 1.2 氧化苦参碱的分离纯化·······························································································15 1.3 氧化苦参碱的精制·······································································································16 附录一 常用显色剂的配制及显色方法············································································18 1