v.introduction of arthrology(第五讲：中轴骨连接).pptVIP

Arthrology 关节学 山东大学医学院 解剖学教研室 李振华 Classification two major types Continuous joints 直接连结 Discontinuous joints 间接连结 －synovial joints 滑膜关节 Continuous joints 直接连结 Fibrous joints 纤维连结 Syndesmosis 韧带连结 Suture 缝 Cartilaginous joints 软骨连结 Synchondrosis 透明软骨结合 Symphysis 纤维软骨联合 Synosteosis 骨性结合 Synovial Joints 滑膜关节 Basic structures Articular surface 关节面: covered by articular cartilage 关节软骨 Articular capsule 关节囊 Fibrous membrane 纤维膜 Synovial membrane 滑膜 Articular cavity 关节腔: Containing a trace of synovial fluid Subatmospheric pressure in it Synovial Joints 滑膜关节 Accessory structures Ligaments 韧带 (lig.) Extracapsular ligaments 囊外韧带 intracapsular ligaments 囊内韧带 Articular disc 关节盘 and articular labrum 关节唇 Synovial fold 滑膜襞 and synovial bursa 滑膜囊 Joint Movement Terminology 关节运动术语 Translation 移动 Flexion and extension 屈和伸 Adduction and abduction 收和展 Rotation 旋转 Medial and lateral rotation 旋内和旋外 Pronation ans supination 旋前和旋后 Inversion and eversion 足内翻和足外翻 Circumduction 环转 flexion(屈)\ extension(伸) adduction(内收)\ abduction(外展) Rotation （旋转） Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis medial rotation is turning of anterior surface in towards the midline lateral rotation is turning of anterior surface away from the midline Pronation 旋前 Supination 旋后 Inversion 足内翻 Eversion 足外翻 Circumduction（环转） Movement of a distal end of a body part in a circle Combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction Occurs at ball and socket, saddle and condyloid joints Classification of synovial joints关节的分类 1. Uniaxial joints 单轴关节: hinge joints 屈戍关节: cylindrical end of 1 bone fits into trough shape of other angular movement-1 plane (eg) elbow, ankle, interphalangeal trochoid (pivot) joints 车轴关节 round end fits into ring of bone + ligament rotation on long axis (eg) prox. radius/ulna, atlas/dens Classification of synovial joints关节的分类 2. Biaxial joints 双轴关节: ellipsoid joints 椭圆关节 egg-shape articular surface + oval concavity side-to-sid