关于最终作业的评论.ppt

第 四 章作 业 讲 评;第九次作业;4-14.有哪些途径可以提高高分子材料的刚性？ 结晶 交联 提高分子量 热处理 复合材料;7.22 Cite the primary differences between elastic, anelastic, and plastic deformation behaviors. 概念、 原子论角度、 施加应力后的应变、 材料的差别（或对应的材料）;4-12热处理（退火）的实质是什么？它对材 料的拉伸强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性、 冲击强度和断裂伸长率有什么影响？ 结构弛豫 ，非晶至结晶转变 P112-113 拉伸强度、硬度、尺寸稳定性 冲击强度和断裂伸长率 ;4-13 有哪些方法可以改善材料的韧性，试举例 说明。 晶粒细化（晶格类型）； 成分，高分子共混橡胶，金属种杂质； 热处理； 高分子中的银纹。 ;4-24 按照粘附摩擦的机理，说明为什么极性高 聚物与金属材料表面间的摩擦系数较大， 而非极性高聚物则较小。 摩擦系数：?=S/Pm S为剪切强度；Pm为抗压强度，极性聚合 物作用力大，S大。;4-29试从金属、陶瓷和高聚物材料的结构差别 解释它们在热容、热膨胀系数和热导率等 性能方面的差别。 原子键合方式不同； 结构不同，包括结晶。;热导率 金属≈＞无机非金属高分子 导热的微观机制不同 热容 高分子无机非金属金属 热运动基团单元大小不同 热膨胀系数 金属≈无机非金属高分子 化学键的键能不同 ; 17.6 (a) Briefly explain why Cv rises with increasing temperature at temperatures near 0 K. (b) Briefly explain why Cv becomes virtually independent of temperature at temperatures far removed from 0 K. (a) The Cv is zero at 0 K, but it rises rapidly with temperature; this corresponds to an increased ability of the lattice waves to enhance their average energy with ascending temperature. (b) Above what is called the Debye temperature D, Cv levels off and becomes essentially independent of temperature at a value of approximately 3R, R being the gas constant. Thus even though the total energy of the material is increasing with temperature, the quantity of energy required to produce a one-degree temperature change is constant.;17.23 For each of the following pairs of materials, decide which has the larger thermal conductivity. Justify your choices. (a) Pure silver; sterling silver (92.5 wt%Ag– 7.5 wt% Cu). (b) F