吉林大学《材料科学与工程基础》chapter 9.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Failure Chapter 9Failure 第九章 失效 材料科学与工程(MSE)的整体概念材料科学基础的内容 Composition Synthesis Why Study Failure? To minimize the possibility of failures Design___Material selection and processing _____Service 9.1 INTRODUCTION About Failure: 9.1 INTRODUCTION About Failure: Why Study Failure? To minimize the possibility of failures Design___Material selection and processing _____Service 9.1 INTRODUCTION About Failure: 9.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRACTURE 9.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRACTURE 9.3 Ductile FRACTURE 9.4 Brittle FRACTURE 9.4 Brittle FRACTURE 9.2~9.4 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRACTURE 9.5b PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS断裂力学原理 9.5b PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS断裂力学原理 9.5b PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS断裂力学原理 9.5b PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS断裂力学原理 9.5b PRINCIPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS断裂力学原理 9.6 BRITTLE FRACTURE OF CERAMICS陶瓷材料的脆性断裂 At room temperature, both crystalline and noncrystalline ceramics almost always fracture before any plastic deformation can occur in response to an applied tensile load. Furthermore, the mechanics of brittle fracture and principles of fracture mechanics developed earlier in this chapter also apply to the fracture of this group of materials. 9.7 FRACTURE OF POLYMERS聚合物材料的断裂 The fracture strengths of polymeric materials are low relative to those of metals and ceramics. As a general rule, the mode of fracture in thermosetting polymers is brittle --- the formation of cracks at regions where there is a localized stress concentration (i.e., scratches, notches, and sharp flaws). Covalent bonds in the network or crosslinked structure are severed during fracture. 9.8 IMPACT FRACTURE TESTING冲击韧性实验 Impact test conditions were chosen to represent those most severe relative to the potential for fracture deformation at a relatively low temperature, a high strain rate (i.e., rate of deformation), and a triaxial stress state (which may be introduced by the presence of a notch). 9.8 IMPACT FRACTURE TESTING冲击韧性实验 IMPACT TESTING TECHNIQ