宠物内科病（Veterinary medicine）.docVIP

宠物内科病（Veterinary medicine） Urinary calculi Urinary calculi is a calculi that is formed in the bladder to stimulate and injure the mucosa of the urinary tract, causing the urethra to be blocked. Urinary calculi is a calculi formed due to the precipitation of the normal saline in urine. The disease is a common disease among dogs, small short-legged hunting dogs and poodle dogs, with a high incidence of dog, male and carnivorous dogs. (cause) There are several causes: the decrease of drinking water, the increase of salt concentration, and the precipitation of crystalline materials; The deficiency of vitamin A and the excess of oestrogen promote the shedding of epithelial cells and form the core of calculi. Urinary tract infection; Abnormality of metabolism, can cause the obi calculus; The pH changes in the urine. Phosphate and carbonate are easy to precipitate in alkaline urine, while in neutral or acidic urine, uric acid salts, oxalate and dioxine tend to precipitate. [symptom and diagnosis] Urinary bladder calculi is difficult, hematuria, frequent urination, but dogs only excrete a small amount of urine at a time. The bladder palpation can feel multiple stones rubbing against each other or palpation to hard bladder calculi. It can be reflected by urine analysis when concurrent cystitis is common, which includes the increase of white blood cells, red blood cells and proteinuria, the pH value is often increased, and the urine contains a lot of bacteria. The urethral calculi is the complication of the skin and stone, the sick dog is responsible for the urine, but only a small amount of hematuria is excreted or has no urine at all. The sick dog is upset, the foot is strong, the pain, after the abdomen palpation the bladder has severe pain, the long time of the water can cause uremia. Present spirit is depressed, vomiting, breath stinks of ammonia, sclera congestion, dehydration, blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels increase, the extreme bladder, serious loss of elasti