原子结构和元素周期律（Atomic structure and periodic law of elements）.docVIP

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原子结构和元素周期律（Atomic structure and periodic law of elements）.doc

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原子结构和元素周期律（Atomic structure and periodic law of elements）

原子结构和元素周期律（Atomic structure and periodic law of elements） Chapter 9 atomic structure and periodic law of elements The first page Problem resolution Self test The student tests the answer by himself The problem is solved Problem resolution [TOP] Example 9-1 what is atomic orbital? What does atomic orbital look like? Atomic orbital evolution is not like the moon around the earth movement or the earth around the sun that round or elliptic trajectory, because outside the nucleus of electronic has wave-particle duality, could not have definite positions and velocities, at the same time also cant according to certain direction. The movement of electrons is not random: we cant know where the electron is in a moment, but we can see how likely it is to be in that position. In order to express this probability, the wave function is discovered. The geometry of a wave function is the shape of an atomic orbital. The probability that the electron in the atom is present in the outer space is described by the wave function, and the meaning of the square of the wave function is the probability density of the electron in the outer space. Traditionally, the wave functions that describe the motion of electrons are called atomic orbitals. The angular part and the radial part of the atomic orbital can be represented by geometrical figures. The geometry of the Angle part is the shape of the atomic orbital, such as the s orbital is spherical and the p orbital is dumbbell shape. The radial part of the graph is the curve, for example, the peak of the radial distribution function curve is the maximum value of electron probability of the nucleus. What is the relationship between probability density, probability and radial distribution function? The probability is the probability. The probability of the electron being in an infinite interval outside the nucleus is 1, and the probability of a finite region of space is less than 1. The size of electron probability in this space region is related