九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)（Chemistry of the ninth grade）.docVIP

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九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)（Chemistry of the ninth grade）.doc

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九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)（Chemistry of the ninth grade）

九年级化学下册知识点(人教课标版)（Chemistry of the ninth grade） Unit 7 fuel and its utilization Topic 1 combustion and fire fighting 1. Combustion: an intense oxidizing reaction that occurs when the combustible and oxygen occur. The condition of burning: (the three conditions are both) They must have fuel; The combustible must be in contact with oxygen (or air); The temperature of the combustible is to reach the point of ignition (the minimum temperature required for combustion). 3. Principle of fire fighting: (one of the conditions of destroying combustion) Remove inflammable objects; To isolate oxygen (or air); Reduce the temperature to below the ignition point. Topic 2 fuel and heat 1. Three fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas (non-renewable resources) Coal: industrial food, black gold, consisting of elements C, H, O and S. Oil: industrial blood, consisting of elements C, H, O, and N. Natural gas (the main component of methane, gas, combustible ice) : methane (CH4) 2. Comprehensive utilization of fossil fuels: Coal coke, coal tar, coke oven gas (CO, H2, CH4) Petroleum solvent oil, kerosene, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil, paraffin, asphalt, etc. 3. Exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction Exothermic reaction: chemically the reaction of heat is called exothermic reaction. (chemical energy, heat energy) Endothermic reaction: chemically absorbing heat is called an endothermic reaction. (heat to chemical energy) 4. Complete combustion and incomplete combustion Complete combustion: when oxygen is sufficient, the fuel can completely burn. (burning fast, releasing heat, not polluting the environment, saving fuel) Incomplete combustion: when the oxygen is not sufficient, combustible materials are prone to incomplete combustion. (burning slowly, releasing less heat, polluting the environment, wasting fuel) Project 3 the impact of fuel on the environment Acid rain Cause: fossil fuel combustion emits a lot of sulfur dioxide. Harm: destroy crops, forests and grasslands, and acidify the