皮肤性病学复习资料（Review of dermatology）.docVIP

皮肤性病学复习资料（Review of dermatology） Review of oral dermatology 1. The structure of the epidermis: the epidermis is made up of keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells and meckel cells. Keratinocytes (more than 80% of the skin) Source: outer embryonic leaves, which form keratin during differentiation, have protective effect Stratification: from deep to shallow: base, spine, granular layer, transparent layer, stratum corneum. 1 base (stratum basale) For a column or cubic cell, the line between the long axis and the dermis is perpendicular. The cytoplasm is basophilic, and the nuclei are oval, and the nucleoli are obvious and the nuclear fission is common. Electron microscopy: there are numerous free ribosomes in the cytoplasm, as well as actin, auxiliary muscle protein, and zhang lisi. Each day, 10 percent of basal cells undergo nuclear fission, and the sequence of ascending movement produces the above layers of cells, so it is called the germinal layer. Epidermal passage time (28 days) : from the base layer to the upper layer (14 days), and 14 days off the cuticle. 2. Stratum spinosum 4 ~ 8 layers; In the polygonal shape, the nuclei are large and round, and the intercellular Bridges are spiny and interlinked to form the bridge granules. The cells are gradually flattened and the lower layer has a splitting function. Electron microscopy: the granule of the cell membrane is more obvious. In the cytoplasm, there are 0.1 ~ 0.3 mu m macros, mainly for the membrane particles, laminar particles, keratin particles and Odland microbodies. Stratum granulosum. One to three layers of fusiform or flat cells, cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic dissolving, the most characteristic is that there are large, irregular, transparent keratin particles in the cytoplasm. Under electron microscopy: no envelope, electron dense granules, 2 nm in diameter, particle composition has not been entirely clear, known mainly contain a highly phosphorylated proteins, rich histidine, glutamine, arginine and se