超音波影像成像原理.pptVIP

超音波影像成像原理 上課內容 Analog vs. Digital The digital advantage Lateral Resolution (LR) High Frequency Imaging limitation Advanced technology Wide Aperture/Low F-Number Imaging Noise reduced Conclusion Analog vs. Digital The digital advantage The signal integrity will be maintained Much greater precision Not require the frequent calibration Reprogramming the size, shape, direction, and intensity of the beam Lateral resolution (LR) The speed of sound (v=1540 m/s) Frequency (f) Wave length of sound (λ =v/f) The depth of scan (D) Aperture of the transducer (A) High Frequency Imaging limitation Electronics Precision in Analog Systems A/D Conversion Rates in Digital Systems (Nyquist sampling theorem) Transducer Design and Fabrication Tissue Penetration at High Frequencies Advanced technology AD converter (20 MHz → 40 MHz) Wide Aperture/Low F-Number Imaging Channel count Aperture Wide Aperture/Low F-Number Imaging Aperture Focal zone Frame rate Noise reduced Scanning from different angles produces different artifact patterns. Speckle, clutter, noise, glint, dropout and refractive shadows are suppressed, and real structures reinforced. Conclusion Why digital ? LR approached CT High frequency is a trend Wide Aperture Multiple focal zone Noise is a big problem 3-D reconstruction will be key point * * Phantom comparison of low F# (right) to high F# (left). Phantom comparison of low F# (right) to high F# (left). *