可再生能源发电及其控制策略概述.docVIP

　　可再生能源发电及其控制策略概述 1.Introduction 1.1Geographic Profile of Pakistan Pakistan is situated betely, Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoon Khountain ranges of the Himalayas, the Karakorum and theHindu Kush are in the Northern part of Pakistan. Punjab province is a flat, mostlyan alluvial plain, ajor rivers dominating the upper region eventually the IndusRivers flo Sindh province to the Arabian Sea. Sindh is bounded on the east by the Thar Desert and the Rann of Kutch and on the inantly an aridtable land encircled by dry mountains. Pakistan coastline is about 1046 km longextending from Indian border in the east to the Iranian border in the illion[2]has annually 0.38 tonsof oil equivalents (TOE) of energy supply per capita in parison to the and is expected to groost 37% of proved significantly byproviding even a minimum amount of electricity. Pakistans installed electricity generation capacity is about 19,566Major part of the imported fossil fuel is used togenerate electricity. In 2009-10, 29.4% of conventional ponatural gas and 37.8% from oil. The countrys limited indigenous reserves of gas and oil,p; 13 years, respectively[6]. . 2.Literature Revieost important and energetic resource among reneportant advantages of solar energy is that electricity canbe produced ent deterioration at the location of consumption. The investment in solar energy is increasing these days all over the ent, it is very important to determine the right location for solar energy poean to choose a location ate theperformance of solar energy devices at any particular geographical location, it is veryimportant to have detailed knoal design and study of solar energy conversion systems highly dependupon the availability of solar radiations on the horizontal surface. The sunshine isabundantly available throughout the year and thus the mercial and efficient solarenergy applications seem unavoidable. The data of solar radiation is available for manycountries of any developing countries still do no