文勇新托福黄金阅读PDF高清版【冲刺满分】.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料文勇新托福黄金阅读PDF高清版【冲刺满分】 摘要： 自新托福考试以来，刘文勇新托福黄金阅读PDF高清版内容就是不少考生争相购买的精华内容，文勇新托福黄金阅读为我们详细讲述了一些做托福阅读题的技巧和争取的解题思路，下面我们将文勇新托福黄金阅读的PDF高清版内容再次分享给大家，希望对大家的托福阅读考试会有一定的帮助。 文勇新 托福 黄金阅读： Pastoralism is a lifestyle in which economic activity is based primarily on livestock.Archaeological evidence suggests that by 3000 B.C., and perhaps even earlier, there had emerged on the steppes of Inner Eurasia the distinctive types of pastoralism that were to dominate the regions history for several millennia. Here, the horse was already becoming the animal of prestige in many regions, though sheep, goats, and cattle could also play a vital role. It is the use of horses for transportation and warfare that explains why Inner Eurasian pastoralism proved the most mobile and the most militaristic of all major forms of pastoralism. The emergence and spread of pastoralism had a profound impact on the history of Inner Eurasia, and also, indirectly, on the parts of Asia and Europe just outside this area. In particular, pastoralism favors a mobile lifestyle,and this mobility helps to explain the impact of pastoralist societies on this part of the world. The mobility of pastoralist societies reflects their dependence on animal-based foods. While agriculturalists rely on domesticated plants, pastoralists rely on domesticated animals. As a result,pastoraksts, like carnivores in general, occupy a higher position on the food chain. All else being equal, this means they must exploit larger areas of land than do agriculturalists to secure the same amount of food, clothing, and other necessities. So pastoralism is a more extensive lifeway than farming is. However, the larger the terrain used to support a group, the harder it is to exploit that terrain while remaining in one place. So, basic ecological principles imply a strong tendency within pastoralist lifeways toward nomadism (a mobile lifestyle). As the archaeologist Roger Cribb puts it,The greater the degree of pastoralism, the stro