第六章 英国批判现实主义.docVIP

第六章 英国批判现实主义 Background Knowledge 背景知识 With the development of capitalism , there arouse a powerful working class . From the thirties of the 19th century , the struggle between the workers and capitalists became the fundamental contradiction in English social life . 随着资本主义的发展，工人阶级也变得强大。从19世纪30年代开始，工人和资产家间的斗争成为英国社会基本矛盾。 England became a typical capitalist country .Having consolidated its position at home , the British bourgeoisie strengthened its policy of colonial expansion in all parts of the world , successively competing for markets with other powerful countries of the world . The great misery of the workers led to an upsurge of labor movements and the organization of the workers into unions . In 1836 arose the working-class movement known as Chartism . So England was experiencing at the same time an aggravation of contradictions both at home and abroad . 此时的英国是典型的资本主义国家，对内剥削，对外开辟海外殖民地和占领市场。工人遭受的巨大苦难使他们联合起来进行反抗。1836年掀起的一场声势浩大的工人阶级运动，被称为宪章运动。所以英国国内外的矛盾都在恶化。 Time period of critical realism coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria from 1836 to 1901 , which is also called the Victorian Age . The crying social contradictions were reflected in the poetry and prose of the time . 批判现实主义的时间跨度与维多利亚女王的统治时间相吻合，大致从1836年到1901年，这一时期也被叫做维多利亚时期。这一时代的社会矛盾被反映在诗歌和散文中。 Literary Features of Critical Realism 批判现实主义文学特征 1. Chartist literature is one of the literary features that showed the growing force of the working class .During the Chartist movement , the Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature ----the struggle of the proletariat for its rights .The famous Chartist representatives included Ernest Jones ,Thomas Cooper and William James Linton . 宪章文学展现了工人阶级的日益强大。在宪章运动中,宪章作家引进了一种新的文学主题，即无产阶级为权利斗争的主题。著名的宪章文学代表有欧内斯特·琼斯,托马斯·库柏和威廉·詹姆·林顿。 Critical Realistic literature occupied a great important place in the 19th century literature .The 19th century realistic novels become “ the epic of the bourgeois society ”。The most excellent realists