转基因食品译文1.docxVIP

转基因食品Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also genetically engineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as well as greater control over traits than previous methods such as selective breeding and mutation breeding.[1]转基因食品（GM foods），又称基因工程食品。它是利用基因工程的方法，通过引入DNA改造生物体从而获得一种食品。与先前的选择育种和诱变育种相比，生物工程技术即保证了引入新性状，又能能更好的控制形状。Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its unsuccessful Flavr Savr delayed-ripening tomato.[2][3] Most food modifications have primarily focused on cash crops in high demand by farmers such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Genetically modified crops have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and for better nutrient profiles. GM livestock have been developed, although as of November 2013 none were on the market.商业销售的转基因食品始于1994年，卡尔金公司第一个将还未取得成功的Flavr Savr后熟西红柿投入市场。此时绝大多数的食品改造项目主要集中在像大豆、玉米、菜籽油和棉籽油等这些农夫们需求量高的经济作物上。通过改造，转基因作物表现出了对病原体和除草剂的耐受性，并且具有更优良的营养物质。转基因家畜也得到了发展，但是截止到2013年11月市场上还没有出现转基因家畜。There is general scientific agreement that food from genetically modified crops is not inherently riskier to human health than conventional food, but should be tested on a case-by-case basis.However, there are ongoing public concerns related to food safety, regulation, labelling, environmental impact, research methods, and the fact that some GM seeds are subject to intellectual property rights owned by corporations.在科学上普遍认同，与常规食品相比，通过转基因作物制成的食品并不会对人的健康有更大的固有风险。但转基因食品需逐个地进行测试。然而，食品安全、规范、标签、环境影响、研究方法以及部分转基因种子受知识产权所属公司控制等问题引发了一部分人的担忧。目录定义Genetically modified foods, GM foods or genetically engineered foods, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering as opposed to traditional cross breeding.[7][12] In the US, the Department of Agriculture (USDA