铋电解液中锑的净化.DOC

TBP萃取铋电解液中的锑 昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院，云南 昆明 650093）摘要：研究用TBP从铋电解液中萃取分离锑铋，考察了溶液中锑铋以单组份存在时，酸度、TBP浓度和相比对锑铋萃取分离的影响，绘制了锑铋的萃取等温线。结果表明：有机相组成为25%TBP-7%辛醇-磺化煤油，酸度为6mol/L，萃取相比O/A=1:时，锑的萃取分配比最大，铋的分配比较小。对于实际铋电解液中萃取分离锑铋，铋电解液盐酸浓度为4mol/L，相比O/A=1:，有机相组成为25%TBP-7%辛醇-磺化煤油时，锑的萃取率为65%；经过3级逆流萃取，锑的萃取率达9.2%。 Solvent Extraction of Sb in Bismuth Electrolyte by TBP SHI Xue-jin, ZHU Yun, LI Yuan-long (Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China) Abstract: The extraction separation of Sb from Bi electrolyte by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) was studied. When the metal ions only include the ions of antimony and bismuth in solution, the influence of several variables on the Sb and Bi extraction separation, including water acidity, TBP concentration and phase ratio(O/A) in aqueous phase were investigated, the extraction isotherm of Sb and Bi were measured and draw. The results show that the distribution ratio of Sb is the largest, the distribution ratio of Bi is the smallest when the organic phase composition is 25% TBP-7% octanol-sulfonated kerosene, water acidity is 6mol/L, O/A=1:1. For the extraction separation of Sb from Bi actual electrolyte, the extraction rate of Sb is 65% when the organic phase composition is 25% TBP-7% octanol-sulfonated kerosene, Bi electrolyte concentration of hydrochloric acid is 4mol/L, O/A=1:1. After three stage counter-current extraction, the extraction rate of Sb is 94.2%. Keywords: Bismuth electrolyte; Extraction separation; Extraction isotherm; Counter-current extraction 1 前言 锑是铋电解精炼过程中由于锑与铋电位接近，电解精炼时富集锑会以化学沉积的方式在阴极铋上，导致阴极铋中锑含量升高，品质下降。目前，国内外多种电解液净化除杂方法，如离子交换法、沉淀法、溶剂萃取法等武金朋[9]以20%N1923-5%异辛醇-煤油为萃取剂从铜电解液中萃除锑铋，锑的萃取率为38%；刘丹丹[10]在氯化介质中用叔胺7301-TBP体系对锑铋铜铅的萃取行为研究时，锑的萃取率约为95%。针对盐酸介质中铋电解液净化除锑，本文采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为萃取剂来萃取分离锑铋，最终使铋电解液达到循环电解。通过试验研究磷酸三丁酯（TBP），辛醇，盐酸，Bi2O3，SbCl3均为化学试剂，磺化煤油为工业级电子天平，分液漏斗，烧杯，量筒等。铋电解液的主要成分萃取以TBP作萃取剂、辛醇作调相剂、磺化煤油作稀释剂锑铋单组进行萃取研究.1 锑铋单组的萃取行为在室温下用饱和法测的萃取等温线即每次用新鲜有机相与不同浓度水相按比例分别加入分液漏斗，当萃取达平衡后，分析