hodowla konopi 大麻育种前景分析(加精).ppt

BREEDING MONOECIOUS HEMP 雌雄同株的大麻育种 Breeding of hemp in Poland begun in 1946 based on:在1946年波兰就开始了大麻的育种工作 local landraces当地的土壤类型 Schurig’s forms with fiber content about 14%.大约14%纤维含量的 Schurig’s组成. First Polish hemp cultivars LKCSD* Szelejewskie* Pustkowskie* Sieleckie Po?udniowe* Sieleckie Nowe* *Dioecious cultivars 波兰最早种植的大麻品种：雌雄异株 In 1965 the monoecious hemp breeding begun in Poland involving: multiple crossing of dioecious and monoecious hemp and long-lasting selection for fiber content and degree of monoeciousness In 1968 first monoecious hemp cultivar – Bia?obrzeskie was registered (1968) 在1965年波兰就开始了大麻雌雄同株的育种工作：雌雄异株和雌雄同株大麻的多次杂交、对大麻纤维含量和雌雄同株标准进行持续长期的选择、在1968年第一个大麻雌雄同株品种XBia?obrzeskie 被登记 Currently registered cultivars in Poland 在波兰的一般的登记注册的大麻品种 Bia?obrzeskie (1968) Beniko (1985) Silesia (2000) BREEDING METHODS Classical methods大麻培育方法 Crossing of plants in different variants allows for obtaining high variability of forms (requires artificial or spatial isolation and active individual selection) 标准古典的方法:在不同的变种中的作物的杂交,考虑到获得高的变异体的形式(需要人为的或空间隔离并进行积极的个体选择. Mutagenesis induced by physical or chemical factors leads to new forms of plants. 诱导突变体.它的由来是经过物理或化学的因素导致作物的新的形式. Heterosis breeding利用杂种优势育种 inbred lines crossing近交系,近亲繁殖. Supplemented with selection以行筛选作为补充 Aided with somatic embryogenesis作物自身的胚受伤被破坏 胚胎发生 BREEDING METHODS培育方法 Biotechnological methods生物技术方法 Somatic embryogenesis生物本身的胚培养 mean of vegetative reproduction, which allows obtaining many plantlets identical genetically to the donor plant让作物重新生长,这个可以获得许多植物个体.它们和供体植株具有相同的基因型.无性繁殖 Organogenesis器官培养 a technique of plant cloning from plant segments从植物的切片获得克隆植物的一种技术 Genetic engineering基因导入 Transgenic plants production (foreign DNA transferred plant cell genome)转基因植物的产生(外源DNA转入植物细胞基因组或染色体中 Somatic embryogenesis胚的繁殖技术Advantages:优点 adapted to the automation, which allows production costs reduction适应于可以产生再生植株的自动化过程、 the yield of produced plants is very high再生植株的产量非常高 obtained embryos have an un