定语从句2 11.17.docVIP

Date: 11.17 定语从句 定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 形容词，名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句都可以作定语 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 定语从句的功能及位置 功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why, how等。关系词常有3个作用： 　　①连接作用，引导定语从句。 　　②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 　　③在定语从句中充当句子成分。 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。 关系代词 1. That 指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语(可省略)，表语， The man that is standing there has a big farm. The book (that) you are reading is very interesting. He is not the man that he was. 注意：在who, which引导的一般疑问句中，为避免重复，定语从句的关系代词用that, Who is the man that is sweeping the leaves? 先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, little, something, much, none等不定代词，序数词，形容词最高级，由the very, the only修饰，先行词既有人也有物，关系代词只用that 2. Which 指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但在介词后不能省略 I didn’t see the car which hit the old man. We went to the village in which lived a wise man. 我们去了那个村子，那里住着一位智者。 3. Who 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 This is the boy who found the wallet on the playground. That’s the girl who I teach. 注意：当先行词为those, anyone, (the) one 等指人的不定代词，引导词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的引导词用who, 其他情况可与that互换。 One who doesn’t go to the Great Wall is not a true man. 4. Whom 指人，在从句中作宾语 The boy whom you saved has recovered. 5. Whose 在从句中中作定语，修饰人或物　 I have a friend whose son lives in the US. This is my house whose roof was damaged in the storm. 在指人时，相当于of whom the+n. / the+n.+of whom 在指物时，相当于of which the+n. / the+n.+of which This is the building whose windows were all painted green. This is the building, the windows of which were all painted green. 6. As 既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，常与such as, the same as, as…as等短语连用。 This is the same pen that I lost last week. This is the same pen as I lost last week. 关系副词 1. when指时间 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 　　(2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指地点 　　在定语从句中做地点状语 　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 　　(2) The house where I lived t