八年级历史下册复习提纲（Eight grade history book review outline）.docVIP

八年级历史下册复习提纲（Eight grade history book review outline） Fifth, the arrival of industrial civilization The first lesson is the rise of industry and Commerce First, the factory developed from here 1. The handicraft shop first appeared in Italy in Fourteenth Century 2. Handicraft workshops in China appeared in Ming and Qing Dynasties 3. Characteristics of handicraft workshops: (1) wage labour was introduced, and the owner no longer participated in the production himself (2) many workers, division of labor (3) the production scale is large and the output is high 4, the development and social impact of handicraft workshops: (1) improving peoples lives (2) promoted the development of commercial trade (3) promoted the change of social class and social structure Two, the position of businessman changed 1, changes in the status of businessmen (1) change of identity: they are both handicraft factory owners and businessmen (2) the change of economic position: the economic strength surpassed the nobility (3) change in political position: businessmen can act as mayor 2, the new birth of the social strata Manual factory owners - early capitalists Wage workers -- the predecessor of the working class 3, the declining class aristocracy The second lesson is to break through the cage of thought I. The Renaissance Movement 1, the Renaissance movement was born in Italy in Fourteenth Century, and promoted the humanistic spirit through literary and artistic creation 2, the main representative (1) reach Finch: artist of Italy, the most perfect representative of the Renaissance, representative works: Monalisa, the last supper (2) Shakespeare: British dramatist, representative works Romeo and Juliet, Hamlett (3) Dante: Italy writers, works on behalf of the Divine Comedy 4, the humanistic spirit - people-oriented, people will serve as the center of the world Three. Religious reform in Europe 1, the gift of sin -- the Catholic Church of Rome is touting for collecting money 2, the Popes cow - Germ