弹簧水平振和垂直振周期会不会一样.DOC

彈簧水平振和垂直振，週期會不會一樣？ 15-2 THE BLOCK-SPRING SYSTEM We begin by considering the dynamics of a block that is oscillating at the end of a massless spring, as in Fig. 15-4. We assume that the net force acting on the block is that exerted by the spring, which is given by Hooke’s law: where x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. When x is positive, Fsp is positive, the force is directed to the right. Thus, the force always tends to restore the block to its equilibrium position x = 0. Newton’s second law (F = ma) applied to the block is –kx = ma, which means The acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement, but is in the opposite direction, as is required for SHM. Since a = d2t/dt2, we have (15-6) The differential equation is merely another way of writing Newton’s second law. When Eq. 15-6 is compared with Eq. 15-5, we see that the block-spring system executes simple harmonic motion with an angular frequency (15-7) or a period (15-8) As is required for SHM, the period is independent of the amplitude. For a given spring constant, the period increase with the mass of the block: A more massive block oscillates more slowly. For a given block, the period decreases as k increases: A stiffer spring produces quicker oscillations. 圖 Figure 15-4 A block oscillating at the end of a spring. The restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium. EXAMPLE 15-4: Show that a block handing from a vertical spring, as in Fig. 15-7, executes simple harmonic motion. Solution: The block is subject to two forces: the upward force exerted by the spring and the downward force due to gravity. If x0 is the equilibrium extension at which these two forces balance, then For any extension x, the net force on the block is where x’ = x – x0 is the displacement from the equilibrium position. Since the restoring force is linearly proportional to the displacement from equilibrium, the motion will