定语从句十大考点.doc

定语从句的十大考点 修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词；定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词关系副词）；定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（前有逗号隔开） 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that which who whom whose as 关系副词有：when where why 定语从句的十大考点，本人总结如下： 1. that 与which 在指代物时的用法区别 that 和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句，但是用法有区别： 只能用that的五种情况 先行词为不定代词或先行词由不定代词修饰时 先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰时 先行词即有人又有物时 先行词前有the very, the only修饰时 主句为which,或who 引导的特殊疑问句时 只能用which的两种情况 非限定性定语从句中 介词之后引导定语从句时 2．which与as的区别 as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，三种情况下只能用as，不能用which as置于句首引导定语从句时（As we know,…） as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected） 先行词前有such, the same 修饰时（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.） 3. who、whom、that 的区别 a.先行词为those或people 时，常用关系代词who,不用that b.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句 4. whose 用法 whose+n. 引导定语从句的结构是定语从句的一个考查热点，此结构可以换成是the+n.+of+which引导定语从句或者可以换成是of which +the+n. e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds. whose hands / of which the hands 5. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法 a. 介词之后的关系代词只能用which（先行词为物）或者是whom（先行词为人） b. 介词的选择方法有三个原则：一“先”二“动”三“意义” I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with) This is the house in which he lives. (定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词) The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根据句意决定) 6. 先行词为way时 先行词为way，在定语从句中作状语时，用that，in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。 e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents. 7. 关系副词when、where、when引导定语从句的具体用法 ① 先行词表示时间、地点、原因时，在定语从句中作状语，选择相应的关系副词when、where、why引导定语从句。若其在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则选择关系代词引导定语从句。区别三组例句： where he lives. a. This is the place that/which he visited last year. when my brother was a little boy. b. I still remember the time that/which we spent together. why he was late. c. This is the reason that/which he gave us. ②某些非地点时间名词有定语从句修饰，关系词在从句中作状语，由where引导定语从句（stage, case, point, situation）；同样用法的还有occasion,由when引导定语从句。 e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.