中枢神经系统损伤后修复与神经康复.pptVIP

脑血管病康复 ;A. Key Points ● The primary goals of rehabilitation are to prevent complications, minimize impairments, and maximize function. ● Secondary prevention is fundamental to preventing stroke recurrence, as well as coronary vascular events and coronary heart disease–mediated death. ● Early assessment and intervention are critical to optimize rehabilitation. ● Standardized evaluations and valid assessment tools are essential to development of a comprehensive treatment plan. ● Evidence-based interventions should be based on functional goals. ● Every patient should have access to an experienced multidisciplinary rehabilitation team to ensure optimal outcome. ● The patient and the patient’s family members and/or caregivers are essential members of the rehabilitation team. ● Patient and family education improves informed decision- making, social adjustment, and maintenance of rehabilitation gains. ● The multidisciplinary team should utilize community resources for community reintegration. ● Ongoing medical management of risk factors and comorbidities is essential to ensure survival. ;脑卒中康复的基本条件;专业人员组成 康复医师、康复护士、治疗士（包括理学治疗士、作业治疗士、言语治疗士、心理治疗士、社会工作者）等专业人员 病房设置 空间大小 便利设施 ;;脑卒中;;;对脑血管病患者的残疾和功能进行科学评估和分类，是制订康复治疗方案、减轻患者残疾水平和提高生活质量的基础。 ;B. 标准评价工具的应用; 脑卒中后的障碍有三个层次，即残损（impairement） ,有生理、解剖结构和运动功能缺失或异常。残疾（disability），有个体能力受到限制、缺失或不能正常完成某项任务。残障（ handicap），个体已不能充分参加社交活动，即人的基本权利活动受到影响。 ;;残损水平评定;残损水平;残疾水平评定;残障水平评定;脑卒中的结局评定;脑卒中的康复原则 ;C．治疗强度和持续时间; 主要神经功能障碍的康复;运动功能的康复;运动功能的康复;相关临床应用技术:经典康复技术—— 基于经典神经发育理论;（一）Brunnstrom疗法;Brunnstrom疗法;Brunnstrom疗法的局限性;（二）Bobath疗法 ;2. Bobath疗法 ;Brunnstrom和Bobath疗法的不同观点;本体感觉性神经肌肉促进法;基本???论;治疗方法;4. Rood疗法 ;4. Rood疗法 ;1. 强制性运动疗法;感觉运动障碍;2. 运动再学习方案;强制性运动疗法和运动再学习方案的共同特点;3. 减重步行训练;4. 音乐疗法;分类;5. 运动想象