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Zheng He and His Voyages (1405-1433);Two views: Manzies: exploration Dreyer: “power projection”;Why Zheng He?; The myth of the great exploration symbolized by Zheng’s voyages The real purpose of Zheng He’s voyages: exploration or trade? Were they for “power projection” only? Why did these start and why did they end? Are the traditional educated elite to be blamed for the termination?;;Menzies Views;Yongle emperor Zhu Di (r. 1042-1424);What Chinese Mariners Did;toured the temples and palaces of the Maya center of Palenque in Mexico hunted walruses and smelted copper in Greenland mined for lead and saltpeter in northern Australia established trading posts for diamonds along the Amazon and its tributaries ;Dreyer’s View;Duyvendak’s argument The sixth voyage still took place, although Zheng He did not personally visit all places he indicated in his account The main body reached Hormuz, the rest of the fleet sailed by squadrons to locations further west, all of which had been visited on the previous voyage Zheng He returned home to Nanjing by September 1422, leaving his subordinates to sail on to thirty-six ports in Ceylon, India (both Bengal and the Malabar coast), the Persian Gulf, and East Africa. The last of the squadrons returned to China on 8 October 1423,having completed their journey of some 11,000 miles in the expected time, about one year and three months after departing Sumatra ; one squadron, probably Zhou Man’s, went as far as to Aden When Zheng He returned to Beijing in 1424, Yongle emperor had died whild returning from his fifth Mongolian campaign. Duyvendak’s notion that Zheng He’s trip to Palembang never took place in 1424 is not convincing;Xuande emperor (r. 1425-1435); In every single aspect of ship building and equipment, Ming ships were centuries ahead of Europe: Size, construction, cargo capacity, damage control, armament, range, communications, navigation ability…;Chinas greatest adventurers;Chinese maps showing the routes of Zheng He’s