中英语语法概括.doc

名词 一.不可数名词： 指不能记数的名词如钱、水、牛奶等 其特征为： 1.后不能加s/es 2. 动词用单数is. 3.可用some, any等来修饰. 4.具体数量的表示用of 结构. Eg. There is some money in my purse. There is some water on the floor. a can of coffee three bowls of rice 二.可数名词: 指可以用来记数的名词.分单数和复数. 单数----复数 1．--s. 2．以s. x. ch. sh 结尾的词—es. classes dresses peaches watches beaches brushes 3．以辅音+ y结尾的名词， 变y为i加es family---families, country---countries city---cities 注: 以元音+ y结尾的词直接加s. boy---boys toy---toys 4．以f或fe结尾的名词， 变f / fe为ves leaf---leaves knife—knives 5．以o 结尾的词, 除两种吃的加es之外,其它词都加s. tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes kangaroo---kangaroos zoo---zoos radio---radios piano---pianos 6．特殊词： (1) man----men woman---women (2) sheep---sheep Chinese---Chinese fish--fish Japanese---Japanese (3) child----children tooth---teeth foot---feet 注：trousers永远用复数形式.但后面的动词 根据情况可单可复. eg. My trousers are blue. This pair of trousers is blue 三.名词所有格( ’s 结构): (1)---- ’s (2)以s结尾的名词复数后加’. Teachers’ Day International Workers’ Day 注:不以s结尾的名词复数加’s Children’s Day Women’s Day (3) A and B’s + 单数名词 两者共有 Lily and Lucy’s bedroom (4) A’s and B’s + 复数名词 两者分别有 Lily’s and Lucy’s dresses 缩写形式 am, is ,are 可和其前面的代词或名词缩写，缩写时变这三个词的首字母为’ I am---I’m She is ---she’s He is--- He’s it is ---it’s We are---We’re you are---you’re they are---they’re Who is---Who’s What is---What’s Where is---Where’s that is---that’s My name is ---my name’s this is ---永远不能缩写 which is ---不能缩写 whose is ---不能缩写 2．is ,are, do, must, can可和其后面的not缩 写，缩写时变not中的o为’ is not----isn’t are not----aren’t do not----don’t must not----mustn’t 注： can not---- can’t am not--不能缩写 3. let us ---let’s number---No. mister---Mr. television---TV 基数词 可用来数数，表示数量个数的词。 1. one, two, three, four, five, six ,seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,