3.古典贸易理论的.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 3 The Classical Model of International Trade 1 Framework of IT theories • Mercantilism • Classical Trade Theory – Absolute Advantage ( Smith’s Model ) – Comparative Advantage ( Ricardo’s Model ) • Neoclassical Trade Theory – Factor Endowment ( Heckscher-Ohlin Model ) – Specific Factor Model • Modern Trade Theories – Product Life Cycle Theory – Overlapping Demand Theory – Economies of Scale and IIT theory – New Development in International Trade Theory 2 1. Mercantilism 重商主义  Definition  Background  Two Periods and Representatives  Main ideas Policies  The Challenge to Mercantilism by early classical economists 3 (1) Definition  Between 1600 and 1800 most of the states of western Europe were heavily influenced by a policy usually known as mercantilism.  Mercantilism is a collection of policies designed to keep the state prosperous by economic regulation. 4 (2) Background  Increase in Commercial Activity due to discovery of new trade routes  Emphasis on the quest for gold and silver  New social classes ：world-wide merchants  Rise of Nations ：Spain, Portugal, Holland, England, France 5 (3) Two Periods and Representatives Early Latter Time 15c--16c50s 16c50s--17c Representative W. Stafford Thomas Mun