英语课堂技能训练.pptVIP

III. Teaching techniques Active and passive Contexts Interaction with words Discovery techniques Ways of some teachers 1 2 3 4 5 * 1. Active and passive vocabulary: Words already learned and words just to be recognized ---- frequency e.g. Former requirement (Junior Books) * 2. In context: “The ignoring of contexts in any act of interpretation is at best a stupid practice. At its worst, it can be a vicious practice.” “No word ever has exactly the same meaning twice.” By S. I. Hayakawa I believe in you. I believe in democracy. I believe in Santa Claus. e.g. I have confidence in you. I accept the principles implied by the term democracy. I believe Santa Claus exists. * Ambiguity is often caused by the lack of context. - Can you play the piano? What are you laughing at? She missed it. It’s a long day. You must be feeling very tired. * Ambiguity is often caused by the lack of context. Could you tell me when we get to the Bell Tower? A: Is the coffee sugared? B: Does it taste as if it were? * *** “People in the course of argument very frequently complain about words meaning different things to different people. In stead of complaining, they should accept such differences as a matter of course.” S. I. Hayakawa: * S. I. Hayakawa: *** “Such an impasse is avoided when we start with a new premise altogether --- one of the premises upon which modern linguistic thought is based: namely, that no word ever has exactly the same meaning twice.” * S. I. Hayakawa: *** “To insist dogmatically that we know what a word means in advance of its utterance is nonsense. All we can know in advance is approximately what it will mean.” * S. I. Hayakawa: *** “An examination of the verbal context of an utterance… directs us to the intensional meanings; an examination of the physical context directs us to the extensional meanings.” * S. I. Hayakawa: *** “In the study of history or of cultures other than our o