25 - Hillsborough Community College Home（25 -希尔斯堡惨案社区学院）.ppt

25 The Urinary System: Part?A Urinary System Organs Kidneys are major excretory organs Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions Removal of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions from the blood Regulation of blood volume, chemical composition, and pH Kidney Functions Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting Endocrine functions Renin: regulation of blood pressure and kidney function Erythropoietin: regulation of RBC production Activation of vitamin D Kidney Anatomy Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region Right kidney is lower than the left Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface Renal hilum leads to the renal sinus Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the hilum Kidney Anatomy Layers of supportive tissue Renal fascia The anchoring outer layer of dense fibrous connective tissue Perirenal fat capsule A fatty cushion Fibrous capsule Prevents spread of infection to kidney Internal Anatomy Renal cortex A granular superficial region Renal medulla The cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids separated by renal columns Lobe A medullary pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue Internal Anatomy Papilla Tip of pyramid; releases urine into minor calyx Renal pelvis The funnel-shaped tube within the renal sinus Internal Anatomy Major calyces The branching channels of the renal pelvis that Collect urine from minor calyces Empty urine into the pelvis Urine flows from the pelvis to ureter Blood and Nerve Supply Renal arteries deliver ~ 1/4 (1200 ml) of cardiac output to the kidneys each minute Arterial flow into and venous flow out of the kidneys follow similar paths Nerve supply is via sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus Nephrons Structural and functional units that form urine ~1 million per kidney Two main parts Glomerulus: a tuft of capillaries Renal tubule: begins as cup-shaped glom