260 7-1 EXPERIMENT 7 OHM’S LAW, RESISTORS （260年7 - 1实验7欧姆定律,电阻）.pdf

260 7-1 EXPERIMENT 7 OHM’S LAW, RESISTORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL I. THEORY The purposes of this experiment are to test Ohms Law, to study resistors in series and parallel, and to learn the correct use of ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm discovered that the ratio of voltage to current in a metallic resistor is constant as long as the temperature is held constant. This ratio is called resistance. For small temperature variations the resistance can be considered essentially constant. Ohms Law is usually written V IR in which V is the potential difference across the resistor (often called simply voltage across the resistor), in volts. I is the current in amperes and R is the resistance in ohms. According to Ohm’s Law, if we plot a graph of the voltage across a resistor vs. the current flowing through the resistor, we should obtain a straight line through the origin. The slope of this line is the resistance. When two or more resistors are connected in series, the equivalent resistance is given by R R R R + + +L eq 1 2 3 When two or more resistors are connected in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given by 1 1 1 1 + + + L R R R R 1 eq2 3 In order for an ammeter to measure the current flowing through a resistor, the ammeter must be connected in series with the resistor so that the same