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A moment magnitude scale - CaltechAUTHORS(一个规模大小CaltechAUTHORS时刻)
VOL. 84, NO. B5 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH MAY 10, 1979
A Moment MagnitudeScale
THOMAS C. HANKS
U.S. GeologicalSurvey, Menlo Park, California 94025
HIROO KANAMORI
SeismologicalLaboratory,CaliforniaInstituteof Technology,Pasadena,California91125
The nearly coincidentforms of the relations betweenseismicmoment Mo and the magnitudesM,•,
Ms, and Mw implya momentmagnitudescale,M - { log Mo - 10.7which is uniformlyvalid for 3 •M,•
• 7,5 • Ms • 71, andMw • 71.
It is well known that the most widely used earthquake Hanks and Thatcher[1972] pointedout that a magnitude
magnitudescales,ML (local magnitude), M, (surfacewave scale baseddirectly on an estimateof the radiatedenergy,
magnitude),and rn0(bodywavemagnitude),are, in principle, ratherthan the converse,would not onlycircumventthe diffi-
unboundedfrom above.It is equallywell knownthat, in fact, culties associatedwith characterizing earthquake source
they aresobounded,andthe reasonsfor thisareunderstoodin strengthwith ,narrow-bandtime domainamplitudemeasure-
termsof the operationof finite bandwidthinstrumentationon ments,specificallymagnitudesaturation,but had become
the magnitude-dependentfrequencycharacteristicsof the elas- practicalwiththeincreasedunderstandingofthegrossspectral
tic radiationexcitedby earthquakesources.Usingjust these characteristicsof earthquakesourcesthat developedin the
ideas,Hanks [1979]demonstratedhowthe maximumreported early 1970s.Kanarnori[1977]realizedthispossib
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