and Optimizing Scale in Systems ABSTRACT（规模和优化系统的抽象）.pdfVIP

AWWA Membrane Technology Conference  March 30, 2011 Long Beach, CA, USA    Modeling Scale Formation and Optimizing Scale   Inhibitor Dosages in Membrane Systems    Robert J. Ferguson, Baron R. Ferguson, and Robert F. Stancavage  French Creek Software, Inc.  Kimberton, PA 19442  baronferguson@    ABSTRACT  Water chemistry design and treatment software currently in use for membrane systems is not adequate for the rigors of high recovery systems in many cases due to reliance upon simple indices for scale prediction, inhibitor selection, and inhibitor dosage estimation. Simple indices use total analytical values for calculating the driving force for scale formation and do not account for common ion effects and ion association. Their applicability is limited to lower TDS systems. This paper discusses the application of an industry standard ion association model calculation engine to predicting scale in membrane systems and optimizing control. The ion association model engine calculates the most likely distribution of species for a brine, and uses the free ion concentrations to calculate the driving force for scale for minerals such as calcite, gypsum, barite, celestite, and silica. Calcium phosphate based scales can also be modeled using this method. Models for optimizing scale inhibitor dosages, are also described, including the parameters critical to developing