Asynchronous Functional Reactive Programming （异步功能反应性编程）.pdfVIP

Asynchronous Functional Reactive Programming for GUIs Evan Czaplicki Stephen Chong Harvard University Harvard University Abstract Semantics of most FRP languages assume that signals change Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) mediate many of our interac- continuously. Thus, their implementations sample input signals as tions with computers. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is a quickly as possible, and continually recompute the program with promising approach to GUI design, providing high-level, declara- the latest values for the signals. In practice, however, many sig- tive, compositional abstractions to describe user interactions and nals change discretely and infrequently, and so constant sampling time-dependent computations. We present Elm, a practical FRP leads to unnecessary recomputation. By contrast, Elm assumes that language focused on easy creation of responsive GUIs. Elm has all signals are discrete, and uses this assumption to detect when a two major features: simple declarative support for Asynchronous signal is unchanged, and in that case, avoid unnecessary recompu- tation. FRP; and purely functional graphical layout. Asynchronous FRP allows the programmer to specify when the In Elm, signals change only when a discrete event occurs. An global ordering of event processing can be violated, and thus