Combustion - E Instruments（燃烧- E仪器）.pdfVIP

COMBUSTION By: Michael Biarnes In collaboration with: Bill Freed and Jason Esteves E Instruments International LLC - www.E-I 1 Combustion What is Combustion? Combustion takes place when fuel, most commonly a fossil fuel, reacts with the oxygen in air to produce heat. The heat created by the burning of a fossil fuel is used in the operation of equipment such as boilers, furnaces, kilns, and engines. Along with heat, CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H 0 (water) are created as byproducts of the exothermic reaction. 2 CH + 2O CO + 2H O + Heat 4 2 2 2 C + O2 CO2 + Heat 2H + O 2H O + Heat 2 2 2 By monitoring and regulating some of the gases in the stack or exhaust, it is easy to improve combustion efficiency, which conserves fuel and lowers expenses. Combustion efficiency is the calculation of how effectively the combustion process runs. To achieve the highest levels of combustion efficiency, complete combustion should take place. Complete combustion occurs when all of the energy in the fuel being burned is extracted and none of the Carbon and Hydrogen compounds are left unburned. Complete combustion will occur when the proper amounts of fuel and air (fuel/air ratio) are mixed for the correct amount of time under the appropriate conditions of turbulence and temperature. Although theoretically stoichiometric combustion provides the perfect fuel to air ratio, which thus lowers losses and extracts all of the energy from the fuel; in reality, stoichiometric combustion is unattainable due to many varying factors. Heat losses are inevitable thus making 100% efficiency impossible. In practice, in