QRG 18Care of the Patient with （QRG 18照顾病人）.pdfVIP

Q U I C K R E F E R E N C E G U I D E Care of the Patient with Accommodative and Vergence Dysfunction American Optometric Association ® A. DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION 1. Accommodative Dysfunctions Accommodative and vergence dysfunctions are Accommodative insufficiency Ill-sustained accommodation diverse visual anomalies. They occur when the visual system is incapable of performing near vision Accommodative infacility tasks efficiently either because these tasks lack the Paralysis of accommodation stereoscopic cues required for accurate vergence Spasm of accommodation responses or because the tasks require accurate and sustained accommodative and vergence functioning 2. Vergence Dysfunctions without fatigue. Most symptomatic patients have defects in more than one area of binocular vision, Convergence insufficiency e.g., a patient with an accommodative dysfunction Divergence excess may have a secondary vergence problem and a Basic exophoria patient with a vergence dysfunction may have a Convergence excess secondary accommodative problem. Divergence insufficiency Basic esophoria Accommodative dysfunction interferes with Fusional vergence dysfunction the ability of the eyes to focus clearly on Vertical phoria objects at various distances, resulting in the lack of clear retinal images. B. RISK FACTORS Vergence dysfunction involves disjunctive eye movements in which the visual axes move 1. Accom