课程设计基于超声波的液位测距系统.docVIP

摘 要 本文是利用超声波测距的原理而设计的一种液位测距系统。该系统采用STC12C5A08S2单片机为核心控制器，并为超生测距模块提供触发控制信号，在发射超声波的同时，启动单片机的内部定时器开始计时，超声波在空气中传播遇到障碍物后反射回波，超声波接收电路检测到回波信号时停止计时，则根据公式：S=Vt/2 即可计算出液位距离。 文中设计的系统着重解决了超声波测距的时间计算和温度补偿问题。其中通过温度传感器将温度值采集到单片机中，经过一定的数值修正即可得到当时温度值下的超声波传播速度V。本文采用了硬件和软件相结合的设计方法，在软件方面，采用了汇编语言进行程序编写。在数据处理上充分利用汇编语言的查表优势，建立了速度修正值表和数码管显示值表，可以便捷、明了地进行数据处理和显示。 关键词： 超声波测距 STC12C5A08S2 温度补偿 液位测距系统 Title Design of liquid level based on ultrasonic distance measurement system Abstract This article designs a liquid level measurement system which is based on the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement. The system takes STC12C5A08S2 as the core of the system controller. The SCM provides control signals for ultrasonic distance measurement modules, and starts the monolithic integrated circuit internal timer to work while emitting ultrasonic. Ultrasonic reflection echo after the communication obstacles in the air, and the SCM stops timing when the echo signal is detected by the ultrasonic receiver. According to the formula: S=Vt/2, the liquid level distance is calculated. The system is designed to focus on the time and temperature compensation of ultrasonic distance measurement. The temperature value is collected in the SCM through the temperature sensor, undergoing a certain numerical correction to get the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity under the temperature. This article uses a combination of hardware and software design. In software, we use assembly language to program. Full use of Assembly language reference table advantages in data processing, we established the speed correction table and the digital display values table which can be convenient and clear for data processing and display. Keywords：Ultrasonic distance-measuring； STC12C5A08S2； Temperature compensation； Liquid level measurement system 目 录 1 引言 1 1.1 测距在工业方面的应用 1 1.2 现有的测距方法及其优缺点 1 1.3 超声波测距的原理及优点 2 1.4 课题研究的意义 2 2 总体方案论证 2 2.1 系统方案简化 3 2.2 系统软件设计说明 4 3 系统硬件电路设计 4 3.1 HC—SR04超声波测距模块简介 4 3.2 单