新一代表面活性剂_Geminis.pdfVIP

11 4 化　学　进　展 Vol. 11 No. 4 1999 11 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Nov. , 1999 新一代表面活性剂: Geminis 赵剑曦 (福州大学化学系　福州 350002) 　　表面活性剂 Gemini (或称 dimeric) 是由两 个单链单头基普通表面活性剂在离 子头基处通过化学 联接而成, 因而阻抑了表面活性剂有序聚集过程中的头基分离力, 极 大提高了表面活性。 与当前为提高表面活性而进行的大量尝试, 如添加盐类、 提高温度或 将阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂混合相比较, Gemini表面活性剂是概念上的突 破, 因而被誉为新 一代的表面活性剂。 　表面活性剂　geminis　联接基团　高表面活性 A N ew Generation of Surf actants: Geminis Zhao J ianx i ( Department of Chemistry, uzhou University, uzhou 350002, China) Abstract　 Gemini (or dimeric) surfactants are made up of two identical amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at the level of the headgroups by a spacer group. By this way the separation between the polar headgroups within gemini surfactants is strongly decreased when they aggregate and thus the surface activity is greatly enhanced. Introduction of gemini surfactants is a breakthrough in concept compared with general tests in enhancing surface activity, for example, addition of salt, increasing temperature or mixing anionic /cationic surfactants. Therefore gemini surfactants were reputed as a new generation of surfactants. 　 ; ; ; Key words surfactants geminis spacer group high surface activity 。 1974, Deinega, : 、 、 [1] ( spacer)、 、 ( 1) 。 1988, Osaka Okahara [2- 6] 。 1991。 Menger, [ 7] : Gemini 。 Gemini, 　: 1998 11, : 1999 4 4 　: Geminis ·349· , “ [8] ” 。, , (dimeric surfactants) [9] (, Geminis dimerics [17] , )。 1991,