SELECT 从资料库中撷取资料列，并允许从一或多个资料表中，选取一 .DOC

SELECT 從資料庫中擷取資料列，並允許從一或多個資料表中，選取一或多個資料列或資料行。SELECT 陳述式的完整語法相當複雜，但主要子句可摘要為： SELECT select_list [ INTO new_table ] FROM table_source [ WHERE search_condition ] [ GROUP BY group_by_expression ] [ HAVING search_condition ] [ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ] UNION 運算子可用於兩項查詢之間，將其結果合併為單一結果集。 語法 SELECT statement ::=???? query_expression ????[ ORDER BY { order_by_expression | column_position [ ASC | DESC ] }????????[ ,...n ]????] ????[ COMPUTE????????{ { AVG | COUNT | MAX | MIN | SUM } ( expression ) } [ ,...n ]????????[ BY expression [ ,...n ] ]????] ????[ FOR { BROWSE | XML { RAW | AUTO | EXPLICIT }????????????[ , XMLDATA ]????????????[ , ELEMENTS ]????????????[ , BINARY base64 ]????????} ] ????[ OPTION ( query_hint [ ,...n ] ) ] query expression ::=????{ query specification | ( query expression ) }????[ UNION [ ALL ] query specification | ( query expression ) [...n ] ] query specification ::=????SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]????????[ { TOP integer | TOP integer PERCENT } [ WITH TIES ] ]???????? select_list ????[ INTO new_table ]????[ FROM { table_source } [ ,...n ] ]????[WHERE search_condition]????[ GROUP BY [ ALL ] group_by_expression [ ,...n ]????????[ WITH { CUBE | ROLLUP } ]????]????[ HAVING search_condition ] SELECT 子句 指定欲由查詢傳回的資料行。 語法 SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]????[ TOP n [ PERCENT ] [ WITH TIES ] ]???? select_list select_list ::= ????{????* ????????| { table_name | view_name | table_alias }.*????????| ????{ column_name | expression | IDENTITYCOL | ROWGUIDCOL }????????????[ [ AS ] column_alias ]????????| column_alias = expression????}????[ ,...n ] 引數 ALL 指定結果集內可顯示重複資料列。ALL 是預設值。 DISTINCT 指定結果集內僅可顯示唯一的資料列。Null 值可視為與 DISTINCT 關鍵字的目的相同。 TOP n [PERCENT] 指定僅有頭 n 個資料列可從查詢結果集輸出，n 為介於 0 到 4294967295 之間的整數，如果同時指定 PERCENT，則結果集只輸出頭 n 個百分比的資料列。以 PERCENT 指定時，n 必須為介於 0 到 100 之間的整數。 如果查詢中包含 ORDER BY 子句，則輸出由 ORDER BY 子句排序的頭 n 個資料列 (或資料列的 n 百分比)。如果查詢中沒有 ORDER BY 子句，則資料列的順序可能是隨意擺置的。 WITH TIES 指定可從基底結果集傳回的額外資料列，其值與 TOP