纯化水与超纯水的制备原理（The preparation principle of purified water and ultra-pure water）.doc

纯化水与超纯水的制备原理（The preparation principle of purified water and ultra-pure water） The preparation principle of purified water and ultra-pure water This is a review of the purification of water and the preparation of ultra-pure water. All kinds of purification are introduced Water technology and some recent advances. Including distillation, ion exchange and electrodialysis And anti-osmosis Keywords water purification, ultra pure water ion exchange electrodialysis reverse osmosis 1. Natural water usually contains five impurities: 1. Electrolytes, including charged particles, common cationic ions have H +, Na +, K +, NH4 +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Fe3 +, Cu2 +, Mn2 +, Al3 +, etc. Anions have F -, Cl -, NO3 -, HCO3 -, SO42 -, PO43 -, H2PO4 -, HSiO3 - etc. 2. Organic substances, such as organic acids, pesticides, hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters; 3. Particulate matter; 4. Microorganisms; 5. Dissolved gas, including: N2, O2, Cl2, H2S, CO, CO2, CH4, etc. The purification of water is to remove these impurities. The more thorough the impurities, the cleaner the water. National standard: there are technical indicators for drinking pure water (GB17323), [2] (gb6682-92), and [3] (GB/T11446.1-1997). The purification method of water 1. Distillation method, according to the distilling vessel can be divided into glass, quartz distiller, metallic materials have copper, stainless steel and platinum still. The distillation number can be divided into one, two and multiple distillation methods. In addition, special measures should be taken to remove some of the special impurities. For example, some potassium permanganate can be added to remove the oxides. Add a little phosphoric acid to remove the trivalent iron; Add a small amount of non-volatile acid to make no ammonia. Distilled water can meet the requirements of the general analysis laboratory. Its hard to get rid of carbon dioxide. So the water resistivity is very low, short of M Ω level. The need for many new technologies cannot be met. 2. Io