脊柱骨折（Spinal fractures）.doc

脊柱骨折（Spinal fractures） Spine fracture (fracture 0 f the spine) is very common, accounted for about 5% ~ 6% of the whole body bone fracture, among them the most common thoracic lumbar spine fracture. Spinal fractures can be associated with spinal cord or caudal nerve injury, especially in cervical vertebral fracture, which has a spinal cord injury and is reported to be up to 70 per cent and can severely disable or even lose life. Each vertebral vertebrae is divided into two parts. The entire spinal column can be divided into anterior, middle and posterior columns (figure 65-1). In column and column wrapped after the spinal cord and cauda equina nerve, the damage affects the nervous system, especially the damage of stele, broken bone and nucleus pulposus tissue can be the first half of the tu people vertebra canal, spinal cord injury, and thus to each spine fractures must understand the presence of damage in the column. The thoracic lumbar spine (T10 ~ L2) is located at the intersection of two physiological radians and is the stress concentration. Therefore, it is very common to fracture the area. Etiology and classification: violence is the main cause of thoracolumbar fracture. The direction of violence can be through x, Y, and z. There are six movements of the spine: compression, traction and rotation on the Y axis; The x axis has the bending, extension and lateral movement; On the z-axis there are lateral bends and forward and backward movements (FIG. 65-2). There are three forces acting on the central axis: axial compression, axial traction, and movement on the cross section. Three causes do not exist simultaneously, such as axial compression and axial traction cannot exist simultaneously. Therefore, there are six types of injuries to thoracolumbar and cervical fractures (figure 65-3). (1) classification of thoracolumbar fractures 1. Simple wedge compressibility fracture: this is the result of spinal column injury. The violence comes from the force of rotation alo