细胞试题1（Cell test questions 1）.doc

细胞试题1（Cell test questions 1） Simple answer (answer is for reference only, students can revise and perfect) What are the aspects of cell biology and what levels are included? Cell biology Cell Biology is a science that studies the structure, function, and life history of cells. It can be divided into three levels, that is, microscopic level, ultrastructural level and molecular level. 1. briefly describe the main contents of cell theory The organism is made up of cells; Cell is the basic unit of an organism; New cells originate from the division of existing cells. 2. what are the major characteristics of prokaryotes? There is no nuclear envelope, and the genetic material is concentrated in a low electron density region with no definite boundaries. DNA is a single naked ring molecule, usually without binding proteins; There is no constant endometrial system; Ribosome type 70S. What are the basic features of the 3. virus (Virus)? Individual small, can pass the filter, most of the virus must be seen with electron microscopy; Only one type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA; Specialize in intracellular parasitic life. 4. what is a protein infection factor (prion)? A mutated protein that causes conformational changes in proteins of the same kind, thereby increasing the number of mutated proteins, accumulating in cells and causing cytopathic effects, so also called prions. Scrapie and BSE are caused by protein infection factors. What three types of proton pumps are there in 5.? 1. P-type: ATP make use of carrier protein phosphorylation (phosphorylation), a conformational change to proton transfer or other ions, such as H+, pump plant on the cell membrane of animal cells, ion pump Na+-K+ pump Ca2+, H+-K+ATP enzyme (located in gastric epithelial cells, gastric acid secretion); 2. V-type (vacuole): located in the vesicle membrane, composed of many subunits, ATP hydrolysis to produce energy, but not autophosphorylation, located in lysosomal membrane, endosome and Golgi vesicles of ani