细胞打印1（Cell print 1）.doc

细胞打印1（Cell print 1） The fourth chapter (five, eight) 1. Signal transduction pathways of C and AMP cells The cell membrane G protein coupled receptors and adenylate cyclase; extracellular signal molecules and receptor binding the G protein complex activation, activation of G protein alpha subunit and mobile membrane adenylate cyclase binding activates and generates cAMP, CAMP binding to the inactive PKA activates the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex, PKA activation in gene regulatory proteins, and the activation of target genes, gene transcription start. P236 page, figure 8-17 2. How does cell signaling go from cell to cell? (1) extracellular signal, if it is a lipophilic small molecule, can diffuse into the cell by simple diffusion, and then cause intracellular metabolic changes after binding with intracellular receptors. (2) if it is hydrophilic molecule, it is combined with cell surface receptors, and then through the signal transduction mechanism, second messengers are generated in the cell to transmit information across the membrane. Cell surface receptor fraction three families: ion channel coupled receptors; G protein coupled receptors; enzyme linked receptors. 3. Briefly describe the composition and working principle of Na+ K+ pump Answer: composition: Na+ - K+ - Na+ pump K+ATP enzyme, are found in plants and the cytoplasmic membrane, with alpha beta two subunit, alpha subunit is a transmembrane multiple integral membrane protein, with ATP enzyme activity; beta subunit is a glycoprotein with tissue specificity. Working principle: the cells inside the alpha subunit and combination of Na+ and promote the hydrolysis of ATP, alpha subunit phosphorylation, conformational changes will occur Na+ pump out of the cell, another site at the same time, extracellular K+ and alpha subunit binding, the dephosphorylation, conformation changing once again K+ pump into the cells. Finish the whole cycle. Phosphorylation of N