单片机基础知识（SCM basic knowledge）.doc

单片机基础知识（SCM basic knowledge） The basic knowledge of SCM Single chip component Microcontroller to automatically complete the calculation, it should be the most important part of what? We use abacus for example a math problem. Example: 36163 * 156166 / 34. Now to carry out operations, first need an abacus, followed by pen and paper. We have to calculate the issue record, then count the first step 163 x 156, 36 and the sum of the results put it down on paper, and then calculate the 166 / 34, then it is subtracted from the previous result, we get the final result. Now, we use the MCU to complete the process, obviously, it must first have instead of abacus operation part, which is the calculator; secondly, there must be able to play the role of devices, which can memory original title, original data and intermediate results, but also remember that the SCM can automatically operation and the establishment of command. This kind of device is called memory. In addition, also need to replace the role of the controller, it can according to the order prior to issuing variouscontrol signal, so that the whole process can be calculated step by step manner. But this three part light enough, the original data and commands to be input. The results of the calculation to the output are required by the order in which they sometimes need to wait. As the above example, when in the calculation of 163 * 156, the number 36 can not simultaneously enter alu. Therefore it is necessary to set in the single action according to the command of the controller door, when the operator needs, let the new data entry. Or, when the operator to get the final result, then the output results and intermediate results can not sneak out microcontroller. The input and output data of a certain management door in the MCU circuit called mouth (Port). In the MCU, there are three kinds of information flow in basically, a class of data, namely all original data (as in the example of the 36 and 163), intermediate resul