《金属及其化合物》专题复习（Special review of metals and their compounds）.docVIP

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《金属及其化合物》专题复习（Special review of metals and their compounds）.doc

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《金属及其化合物》专题复习（Special review of metals and their compounds） Special review of metals and their compounds I. concept 1. acid oxides - - the oxide that reacts with bases to form salts and water is called acid oxide. Rule - most non metallic oxides are acid oxides. Such as: CO2, SO2, SO3, 2. basic oxides ? an oxide that reacts with acids to form salts and water is called alkaline oxide. Rule - most metal oxides are basic oxides Such as: MgO, Na2O, CuO 3. amphoteric oxides Acid reacts with bases and reacts with bases to form oxides of salt and water called amphoteric oxides. Such as: Al2O3 Al2O3 + 6HCl = 2AlCl3 + 3H2O + 6H+ + 2Al3+ = Al2O3; 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH== 2NaAlO2 + H2O; Al2O3 + 2OH- + H2O = 2AlO2- Acid oxide Oxide basic oxide Amphoteric oxide 4. amphoteric hydroxide Acid reacts with bases and reacts with bases to form oxides of salt and water called amphoteric oxides. Such as: Al (OH) 3 Al (OH) 3 + 3HCl = AlCl3 + 3H2O; Al (OH) 3 + 3H+ = Al3+ + 3H2O; Al (OH) NaOH== 3 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O; Al (OH) 3 + OH- = AlO2- + 2H2O; Soluble hydroxide Hydroxide insoluble hydroxide Amphoteric hydroxide 5. double salt - - by two or more metal cations and anions consisting of a salt called salt. Such as: KAl (SO4) 2 Neutralsalt such as: Na2SO4, K2CO3 Acid salts such as: NaHSO4, NaHCO3 salt Salt such as Cu2 (OH) 2CO3 (Pseudomonas) Salt such as KAl (SO4) 2 Apply -- practice one Two. Properties of metals and their compounds 1 general properties of metals Metal Na Al Fe Cu Electron loss tendency Gradually diminished Reaction with oxygen Na2O2, Na2O Al2O3 Fe3O4 CuO Reaction with water Can (at normal temperature, intense) Energy (at room temperature, strong alkali) Be able to (heat, steam) cannot The reaction rate and severity decreased gradually Reaction with hydrochloric acid can can can cannot The reaction rate and severity decreased gradually Reaction with NaOH cannot can cannot cannot Reaction with AgNO3 solution can can can can Apply - practice two Transformation relationship between 2