左手材料.PPT

最普通的超颖材料可以改变光的折射现象，新的折射现象是自然界中存在的材料实现不了的。我们知道，当一种材料的折射率大于1时，从真空（或空气）中入射进这种材料的光线被偏折，而且光线与材料表面的垂线的夹角小于入射光与垂线的夹角，且两条光线在垂线的两边。而超颖材料可以实现负折射率，用通常的折射公式我们得知，入射光线和折射光线分布在垂线的同一边！ Pendry等研究人员提出周期性排列的金属条和开口谐振金属环(SRR)可以在微波波段产生负等效介电常数和负等效磁导率。前者的主要功能是为了在一段有限长的金属导线内产生等离子体激元，得到负的介电常数，而后者在有垂直于环面的磁场振动时，环内产生振荡电流和电荷，从而产生的有效磁导率在低频下是负值[3] Science 292(5514):77-79 Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction . 超颖材料是一种有奇异电磁特性的复合材料，由于它是人工合成的，它与电磁波的交互作用并非取决于它的结构成分的基本物理性质，而是取决于包含在结构里面的特殊格局的形状和分布。 at lower frequencies, from the near infrared downwards, dissipation asserts itself, and the dielectric function is essentially imaginary The drude model roughly describes conducting materials, and is a basic type of material response. This can be achieved in a metamaterial by using a lattice of conducting wires. While the concept of using wires to mimick a Drude material has been around in a practical sense since the 40s (or earlier), Pendry reintroduced the idea in 1996, and noted the important connection with optical plasmon phenomena. Note that the wire model brings the plasma frequency down substantially, even to the microwave regime. Because 通常金属的等离子频率在紫外波段，为了实现微波段的负介电常数，需要降低其等离子体频率，而周期排列的金属线阵列则能够有效降低有效电子密度，提高有效电子质量，从而降低其等离子体频率，实现微波波段负磁导率。 A magnetic flux penetrating the metal rings will induce rotating currents in the rings, which produce their own flux to enhance or oppose the incident field (depending on the SRRs resonant properties). This field pattern is dipolar. Due to splits in the rings the structure can support resonant wavelengths much larger than the diameter of the rings. This would not happen in closed rings. The small gaps between the rings produces large capacitance values which lower the resonating frequency, as the time constant is large. The dimensions of the structure are small compared to the resonant wavelength. This results in low radiative losses, and very high quality factors. At frequencies below the resonant frequency, the real part of the magnet