在城市建设同时关注城市效率.docVIP

在城市建设的同时关注城市的效率 ——以日本东京六本木新城为例谈建筑设计对城市效率的影响 [摘要]随着我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨，整个国家进入了城市化的加速发展时期。发达国家的大城市发展伴随着一系列严重的社会、经济和环境问题，城市基础设施不堪重负、土地开发和利用极不合理、环境污染日益严重等现象层出不穷。当初为了提高生产效率而形成的城市正随着规模的日渐庞大而步履沉重、效率低下。发达国家对这些“后城市化”的大都市的治理进行了有意义的探索，本文试图通过分析日本东京六本木新城在规划建设上的思路，反思国内的城市建设，是否能少走发达国家已经走过的弯路，从而尽可能地低碳、环保，促进社会的和谐。 [关键词]城市化；建筑设计；城市效率；六本木新城； Concern about the Efficiency of City while the Urban Construction ——Discussion about how the Urban Construction affects the efficiency of city taking the example of Roppongi Hills of Tokyo in Japan, [Abstract]With the happened of transformation from planned economy to market economy in China, the whole country enters the phase of the accelerated development of urbanization. Lot of serious issues of society, economy and environment occurred in the later stage of the metropolis in many developed countries, e.g. the overload of the infrastructure of the city, irrationally development and usage of the land and the serious environmental pollution. The large cites which is originally built to improve the efficiency become difficult to develop and low efficiency. There is lot of significative exploration about how to take the control of the metropolis in the “Post-Urbanization” stage. This article is trying to analyse the thought about the city planning of the Roppongi Hills of Tokyo in Japan, reflecting the domestic urban construction in China, trying to avoid the mistakes happened in developed countries, in order to realize the low-carbon, environmental protection and harmonious society as far as possible. [Key Words]Urbanization；Architectural Design；Efficiency of City；Roppongi Hills； 引言 英国《经济学家》杂志2009年12月报道称，咨询公司雷格斯公司日前对13个国家的上班族进行了一项抽样调查，调查结果显示，中国的上班族每天在上班路上(从家到单位单程)花费的时间领先全球。结果显示，中国上班族每天平均有42分钟用在上班的路上，这就意味着每天来回差不多要一个半小时。印度人需要39分钟，排在第三的比利时人需要37分钟。相反，在地广人稀的加拿大，人们平均只需22分钟就能到达工作地点。《经济学家》分析认为，中国城市的拥挤是导致上班时间过长的一个原因。早晚的“漫漫长征”不光消磨了宝贵的时间，更令许多上班族萌生去意，其中中国和南非的上班族这种念头最盛，各有32%的受访者表示不堪忍受过长的上下班时间而准备换工作。[1] 北京居民上下班或上下学拥堵所导致的经济成本为335.6元/月，处在全国各城市之首；同时，用于上下班