30年的休眠圣海伦斯火山浴火重生-普特英语听力.PDF

普特英语 30 年的休眠，圣海伦斯火山浴火重生 引言：圣海伦斯火山（Mount St. Helens ）是一座活火山，位于美国太平洋华盛顿州的斯卡梅 尼县，是喀斯喀特山脉的一部分。山的名称来自英国外交官圣海伦勋爵，他是18 世纪对此 地进行勘测的探险家乔治·温哥华的朋友。圣海伦火山是包含 160 多个活火山的环太平洋火 山带的一部分，因火山灰喷发和火山碎屑流而闻名。 圣海伦火山最著名的一次爆发发生在1980 年5 月18 日的08:32 （太平洋标准时间）。这是 美国历史上死伤人数最多和对经济破坏最严重的一次火山爆发（1912 年阿拉斯加卡特迈火 山爆发是美国历史上规模最大的一次火山爆发）。圣海伦火山爆发造成57 人死亡，250 座住 宅、47 座桥梁、24 公里铁路和300 公里高速公路被摧毁。火山爆发引发的大规模山崩使山 的海拔高度从爆发前2950 米下降到了2550 米，并形成了1.5 公里宽、125 米深的马蹄形火 山口。喷发出的火山灰和碎屑的体积达到了2.3 立方公里，是历史记载中最大规模的一次. On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens, a volcano (火山) in the U.S. northwestern state of Washington, erupted. The eruption destroyed everything in its path. Thirty years later, the 普特英语 land around the volcano is still recovering from the eruptions effects. It was originally nicknamed Louwala-Clough, or smoking mountain by a local Indian tribe. Mt. St. Helens lived up to its Indian name on a bright spring day in 1980, when it erupted - leveling (提升) entire forests and blackening the skies for hundreds of kilometers with volcanic ash(火山灰). The eruption, though sudden, was not u nexpected. On May 18th, we had been monitoring (监测) the volcano for almost two months, said Professor Stephen Malone of the University of Washington. There had been very strong seismic (地震的) activity, minor explosive (爆炸的) activity, as well as some deformation, where the ground was actually moving. A magnitude 5.1 earthquake earlier in the day may have triggered (触发)the most destructive landslide and volcanic eruption in U.S. history. Unlike most volcanic eruptions, the lava(熔 岩)and magma (岩浆) did not shoot straight up, but laterally. We think the lateral blast (横向爆炸) in this case, was due to the asymmetry (不对称) of the m