第三章 形合和意合.pptVIP

Contrast Between English and Chinese;Definition of Hypotaxis;English: Hypotactic Ways English has clear-cut formal markers to indicate the relation between sentence components. They help make sentences compact and clearly defined. It is impossible to calculate the meaning though the relationships. Those markers include: 1 Formal changes and coherence between subject and predicate, as well as reference of pronouns. 2 Relatives and conjunctions 3 Prepositions;English: Hypotactic Ways;Differences between Relatives and Conjunctions Relatives are used in connecting attributive, subject, object or predicative clauses, which are part of the main clause without which the main clause would be incomplete. 关系词用来连接主语和定语，主语从句，宾语从句或表语从句。这些从句与主句关系紧密，是主句中的一个组成部分，缺少这些从句，主句就不完整。 Conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, clauses or adverbial clauses, which are mutually independent. In particular, conjunction to adverbial clauses mark that adverbial clause is detachable form the main clause. 请谈谈你对连接词的认识？;英语重形合,汉语重意合.;英语重形合,汉语重意合.;病来如山倒， 病去如抽丝。;Please translate the following:; Chinese Paratactic: 汉语意合的手段与规律 汉语造句少用或不用形式连接手段，注重隐性连贯，注意功能和意义，注重以意统形，介词和连词常常可以省略，甚至不用，尤其是口语，用了反而显得多余，高名凯指出：“汉人说话平常不喜欢用太多的没有基本意义的虚词，只是把事情或意思排列起来，让人去了解两个事情两意思之间所发生的关系如何。 意合规律： 1、语序 （order） 2. 反复（repetition） 排比 ( parallel) 对偶(couple) 对照(antithesis) 等 3. 紧缩句 (compacted sentence) 4. 四字格 ( four letter fixed phrase);Chinese Organization Law 汉语的意合规律; Logic Laws time sequence： 先后 浮动 始终 迟早 过河拆桥 汗流浃背 他五岁的时候生了一场大病，发高烧，听力没了，什么也听不见。 time spatial specification： 粗细 深浅 大大小小 分分秒秒 cause-effect: 放大 收紧 开门见山 杀鸡取卵 无欲则刚 人逢喜事精神爽; Psychological Laws Important—less important 乾坤 新旧 男女老少 国内外 许多干部都不属于这个集团，因此受到了打击，排斥或轻视。 Overall—partial/top—bottom/far--near 他大约二十五六岁，长得憨实，头戴一顶大草帽，身穿白色汗褂，下身是一条灯笼裤，脚上穿着的是一双黑面布鞋。 ; rhythm and rhyme consideration Violation to the said laws 迟早 死活（时间先后） 出入（因果关系） 草术 肢体 千军万马（时空大小）