BRACED AND STRUTTED EXCAVATIONS geOffice（做好和挖掘geOffice神气活现地走来走去）.pdf

BRACED AND STRUTTED EXCAVATIONS SYMBOLS bracing for excavations is presented herein. Figure 1 shows two common systems for installing the strutted Notation Dimensional Analysis bracing. In one system a continuous line of sheet piling is driven in advance of the excavation. As excavation proceeds, horizontal beams -1 -2 c = cohesion M L T known as wales are installed against and parallel with the sheet piling. F = factor of safety - At right angles to and structurally supporting the wales in the horizontal H = height or depth of excavation L planes are installed, across the excavation, horizontal beams known as q = surface surcharge load per unit area M L-1 T-2 struts. Where the excavation is large, the struts (sometimes known as m = coefficient - rakers) slope gently into the excavation. In the second system shown in Nb = stability coefficient related to basal failure - Figure 1 vertical members known as soldier beams or piles are driven at γ = unit weight of soil M L-2 T-2 predetermined intervals along the edge of the proposed excavation. As