Chapter 1 Structural Mechanics uacg.bg（第1章结构力学 uacg.bg）.pdf

Chapter 1 Structural Mechanics Introduction There are many different types of structures all around us. Each structure has a specific purpose or function. Some structures are simple, while others are complex; however there are two basic principles of composing structures. 飪 They must be capable of carrying the loads that they are designed for without collapsing. 飪 They must support the various parts of the external load in the correct relative position. A structure refers to a system with connected parts used to support a load. Some examples related to civil engineering are buildings, bridges and towers. However, these structures are very complex for analyze and design. At first, we will consider simple examples of structures and parts of structures like beams, trusses, frames etc. It is important for a structural engineer to recognize the various type of elements composing a structures and to be able to classify them as to there form and function. We will introduce some of these aspects. Structural elements: Some of most common structural elements are as follow: 飩 Tie rods 鈥 structural members subjected to a tensile force. Due to the nature of the load, these elements are rather slender and are often chosen from rods, bars, angels, or channels. F F rod bar angle channel 飩 beams 鈥 straight horizontal members are used generally to carry vertical loads. F F F Beams may be designed from several of element and materials 鈥 concrete, metal etc. with rectangular or other cross section. 飩 columns 鈥搈embers are generally vertical and resist axia