CHAPTER 1 — BASIC RADAR PRINCIPLES AND （第一章基本雷达原理和）.pdf

CHAPTER 1 — BASIC RADAR PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS INTRODUCTION The word radar is an acronym derived from the phrase RAdio Detection There are two groups of radio frequencies allocated by international And Ranging and applies to electronic equipment designed for detecting and standards for use by civil marine radar systems. The first group lies in the X- tracking objects (targets) at considerable distances. The basic principle band which corresponds to a wavelength of 3 cm. and has a frequency range behind radar is simple - extremely short bursts of radio energy (traveling at between 9300 and 9500 MHz. The second group lies in the S-band with a the speed of light) are transmitted, reflected off a target and then returned as wavelength of 10 cm. and has a frequency range of 2900 to 3100 MHz. It is an echo. sometimes more convenient to speak in terms of wavelength rather than Radar makes use of a phenomenon we have all observed, that of the frequency because of the high values associated with the latter. ECHO PRINCIPLE. To illustrate this principle, if a ship’s whistle were A fundamental requirement of marine radar is that of directional sounded in the middle of the ocean, the sound waves would dissipate their transmission and reception, which is achieved by producing a narrow energy as they traveled outward and at some point would disappear entirely. horizontal beam. In order to focus the radio energy into a narrow beam the If, however the whistle sounded near an object such as a cliff some of the laws of physics prevail a